CLAUSE..
Clause adalah kelompok kata yang mengandung subject dan
predicate.Clause mungkin berupa sentence(dapat berdiri sendiri sebagai suatu kalimat: independent clause) atau seperti sentence (tidak dapat berdiri sendiri: dependent clause) yang berada di dalam complex sentence.
Pengertian Adjective Clause
Adjective clause atau relative clauseadalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai adjective dan menjelaskan noun atau pronoun padamain clause dari suatu complex sentence (kalimat yang terdiri dariindependent
clause dan satu atau
lebih dependent clause).
Posisi adjective
clause selalu mengikuti noun atau pronoun yang diterangkannya. Di
dalam kalimat, noun atau pronoun itu berfungsi
sebagai subject atau object.Adjective clause dimulai dengan suatu kata yang
disebut relative pronoun (who, whom, that, which, whose,
etc) yang berfungsi menjembatani hubungan dengannoun atau pronoun yang
diterangkannya.
Contoh Adjective
Clause
- Adjective Clause pada Complex Sentence (kalimat kompleks) : The movie that we saw last morning was very good.
- Adjective Clause dengan Relative Pronoun : I thanked the woman who helped me.
- Adjective Clause dengan
Subordinate Conjunctions “where” dan “when” :
Adjective Clause menggunakan “where”
The building is very old. He lives in that building
(there).
- The building where he
lives is very old.
- The building in which he lives is very old.
- The building which he
lives in is very old.
(Artinya : Bangunan dimana dia tinggal itu sangat tua.)
Where digunakan pada adjective clause untuk merubah
tempat (negara, kota, ruangan, rumah, dll). Jika wheredigunakan, preposition tidak
digunakan dalam adjective clause (seperti
contoh 1). Tetapi jika where tidak
digunakan,relative pronoun dan preposition harus digunakan
(seperti contoh 2 & 3).
Adjective Clause menggunakan “when”
I’ll never forget the day. I met you (on that day).
- I’ll never forget the day when I
met you.
- I’ll never forget the day that I
met you.
(Artinya : Saya tidak akan pernah melupakan hari ketika saya
bertemu dengan kamu.)
When digunakan pada
adjective clause untuk merubah kata benda dari waktu (tahun, hari, waktu, dll).
Pengertian Adverbial Clause
Adverbial clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagaiadverb (kata
keterangan) dan memberikan informasi tentang verb,adjective,
atau adverb yang berada pada independent clause dengankapasitasnya
menjawab pertanyaan: how, when, where, why, atau to what degree.
Adverbial clause dimulai
dengan suatu kata yang disebut subordinate conjunction (when,
after, because, though, etc). Kata ini berguna untuk menjembatani hubungan
dengan independent
clause yang
diterangkan. Gabungan klausa ini dengan independent clause dinamakan
dengan complex sentence,
yaitu kalimat yang terdiri dari independent dan satu atau lebih dependent clause.
Macam-macam adverbial clause antara lain: adverbial clause of time (waktu), place(tempat), cause & effect (sebab & akibat), purpose & result (tujuan
& hasil), condition(pengandaian), contrast/consession (pertentangan), manner (cara),
dan reason(alasan).
Macam-macam dan
Contoh Kalimat Adverbial Clause:
- Adverb Clause of
Time – Adverb
Clause of Time adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan waktu. Untuk
menunjukkan adverb clause of time kita bisa menggunakan subordinating
conjunctions, seperti: after,
as long as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, while.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Time:
When I was writing an diary book, my
friend came.
Before I read
history book, I was
read a novel.
The coach met with her players after the game was over.
- Adverb Clause of
Place – Adverb
Clause of Place adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan tempat, dan dapat
menggunakan subordinating conjunction: where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Place:
You may go wherever you want.
Anywhere you go, sports stars are
national heroes.
Wherever you are,I’ll be able to find
you.
- Adverb
Clause of Reason -
Adverb Clause of Reason adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan alasan,
kita dapat menggunakan subordinating conjunctions: as, because, since.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Reason:
Since it’s raining so heavily, I can’t go out.
Lissa doesn’t go to school because she is sick.
He was unable to play in the final games as he had hurt his
ankle.
- Adverb Clause of
Manner – Adverb
Clause of Manner adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan cara.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Manner:
Do as I ask you to do.
- Adverb
Clause of Contrast / Concession – Adverb Clause of Contrast adalah adverbial
clause yang menyatakan perbedaan atau pertentangan. kita dapat menggunakan
subordinating conjunctions: altough,
even, though, while, where as untuk menunjukkan adverb clause
of contrast.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Contrast:
He is still
poor although he has worked so
hard.
Even though I don’t have much money, I will try to help
him.
They won the
game, though they didn’t really
deserve the victory.
- Adverb
Clause of Condition –
Adverb Clause of Condition adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan syarat,
kita dapat menggunakan subordinating conjunctions: if, even if, only if,
unless.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Condition
You’ll
succeed, if you do your best.
If I were a bird, I would fly.
You won’t be
rich unless you work hard.
You will be
comfortable inside the house even
if it’s cold and raining outside.
- Adverb
Clause of Result –
Adverb Clause of Result adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan akibat.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Result:
She is so
short that she can’t become a
stewardess.
She studies so
hard that she is successful in her
study.
- Adverb
Clause of Purpose – Adverb
Clause of Purpose adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan tujuan.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Purpose:
Susan takes a
computer lesson in order that she
can get a job easily.
People eat
nutritious food so that they will
keep healthy.
- Adverb
Clause of Comparison – Adverb
Clause of Comparison adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan perbandingan.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Comparison:
Johan can speak
English as fluently as his teacher.
An elephant
is stronger than a rabbit.
Macam-macam dan Contoh
Kalimat Adverbial Clause:
- Adverb Clause of
Time – Adverb
Clause of Time adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan waktu. Untuk
menunjukkan adverb clause of time kita bisa menggunakan subordinating
conjunctions, seperti: after,
as long as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, while.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Time:
When I was writing an diary book, my
friend came.
Before I read
history book, I was
read a novel.
The coach met with her players after the game was over.
- Adverb Clause of
Place – Adverb
Clause of Place adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan tempat, dan dapat
menggunakan subordinating conjunction: where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Place:
You may go wherever you want.
Anywhere you go, sports stars are
national heroes.
Wherever you are,I’ll be able to find
you.
- Adverb
Clause of Reason -
Adverb Clause of Reason adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan alasan,
kita dapat menggunakan subordinating conjunctions: as, because, since.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Reason:
Since it’s raining so heavily, I can’t go out.
Lissa doesn’t go to school because she is sick.
He was unable to play in the final games as he had hurt his
ankle.
- Adverb Clause of
Manner – Adverb
Clause of Manner adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan cara.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Manner:
Do as I ask you to do.
- Adverb
Clause of Contrast / Concession – Adverb Clause of Contrast adalah adverbial
clause yang menyatakan perbedaan atau pertentangan. kita dapat menggunakan
subordinating conjunctions: altough,
even, though, while, where as untuk menunjukkan adverb clause
of contrast.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Contrast:
He is still
poor although he has worked so
hard.
Even though I don’t have much money, I will try to help
him.
They won the
game, though they didn’t really
deserve the victory.
- Adverb
Clause of Condition –
Adverb Clause of Condition adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan syarat,
kita dapat menggunakan subordinating conjunctions: if, even if, only if,
unless.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Condition
You’ll
succeed, if you do your best.
If I were a bird, I would fly.
You won’t be
rich unless you work hard.
You will be
comfortable inside the house even
if it’s cold and raining outside.
- Adverb
Clause of Result –
Adverb Clause of Result adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan akibat.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Result:
She is so
short that she can’t become a
stewardess.
She studies so
hard that she is successful in her
study.
- Adverb
Clause of Purpose – Adverb
Clause of Purpose adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan tujuan.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Purpose:
Susan takes a
computer lesson in order that she
can get a job easily.
People eat
nutritious food so that they will
keep healthy.
- Adverb
Clause of Comparison – Adverb
Clause of Comparison adalah adverbial clause yang menyatakan perbandingan.
Contoh Kalimat Adverb Clause of Comparison:
Johan can speak
English as fluently as his teacher.
An elephant
is stronger than a rabbit.
Pengertian Noun Clause
Noun Clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagainoun (kata
benda). Klausa kata benda ini dapat berfungsi sebagai subjectmaupun object di dalam suatuclause atau phrase lain. Karena berfungsi sebagai kata benda, maka dapat
digantikan dengan pronoun“it“.
Terdapat beberapa fungsi
dan contoh noun clause, perhatikan contoh-contoh nya dibawah ini:
Noun Clause sebagai Subject Kalimat (subject of a sentences)
- What
he said doesn’t
convince she at all. (Apa
yang dia katakan tidak meyakinkannya sama sekali.)
- How
we becomes so rich makes me
people curios. (Bagaimana
dia menjadi begitu kaya, membuat orang-orang menjadi penasaran.)
- What
the salesman has said is untrue. (Apa yang sudah dikatakan oleh
pedagang itu tidak benar.)
Noun Clause sebagai Object Verba Transitif (Object of a
Transitif Verb)
- I
know what you mean. (Saya
tahu apa yang kamu maksud.)
- Please
tell me what happened. (Tolong katakan
padaku apa yang terjadi.)
- She
said that her daughter would study in Singapore. (Dia mengatakan bahwa putrinya
akan belajar di Singapur.)